Wireless Beijing origin

 The end of June 2008, the people along the Third Ring Road Beijing overnight added a wonderful experience, whether mm using laptops, or use Wi-Fi-enabled handset terminal, can connect to wireless networks, and does not produce any cost . but this is only the beginning. so do network security, is to achieve seamless coverage, three months after the free period it will be how to develop?
to the wireless network for free as air and convenient, this is a municipal building Imagine. However, the global one after another after another defeat for free pattern of the words: br> 2008 年 6 the end of Beijing North Third Ring Road are in people less than a wonderful new experience overnight mm either with a laptop, or use Wi-Fi-enabled handset terminal, can connect to the wireless network, and does not produce any cost.
but this is only the beginning. safe for such a network, the signal is stable, a three-month free period, how will it develop?
2004 年 7 months, the first time in Philadelphia the public services. from the United States Washington, New York, San Francisco, London, England, Canada, Ontario, to Perth, Australia, New Zealand, Wellington, the Netherlands, Amsterdam, Hamburg, Germany, Singapore, Chinese Taipei and Hong Kong, increasingly more cities are trying to find new wireless city's economic vitality. By 2010, the city will reach global wireless 1500.
Although wireless city shows great potential and unlimited prospects, but in the process of building the current still many difficulties and challenges encountered, the most concentrated problems mainly in two aspects: technical options and business model.
Now, in the development of wireless technology, 3G, Wi-Fi, WiMAX is being recognized as the most promising wireless technology, because these types of technology features and the different scenarios, the construction of a wireless city can effectively complement each other. Wi-Fi technology is relatively mature, but coverage is limited, not suitable for outdoor deployment, but In the room, though, can provide stable coverage. Mesh technology for Wi-Fi, in networking, transmission distance and the mobility has greatly improved on, it can in a certain urban areas or large parks within the entire range , Wi-Fi easy to achieve expansion and extension. WiMAX to solve a long-distance wireless transmission problem, the user can achieve convergence of the wireless link. from the current application situation, most wireless city projects have adopted WiMAX + Mesh + Wi model-Fi networking technology.
models in operation, so that sounds of this glorious mission seems to be borne by the government, without any profit nature.
Until recently, the birthplace of the United States in the wireless city, a city was proud of his success in the wireless operator MetroFi, a sudden stop All of the wireless city projects; much earlier, when New South Wales state government to cancel its major urban centers in the free wireless network deployment plans; As early as in mid-2007, the U.S. pioneer of wireless city Philadelphia, EarthLink to renounce wireless networks; in the world's most complete wireless city network in Taipei, China Taiwan, the operator Q-Ware suffering the torment of huge loss.
from the global wireless city will inevitably feel worried, to Beijing as the representative of the wireless city construction on how to avoid making the same mistakes?
all only just begun.
not covered by the base station signal

Beijing to speed up the deployment of a wireless city Construction completed at the end of March, and after three months of network optimization and testing. At present, the scope of coverage including the opening of Second, Third, CBD shopping district, Financial Street, Zhongguancun district and Wangjing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xuanwu Chun tree , Yizhuang and other regions, covering an area of 100 square kilometers.
According to report, this wireless city coverage are concentrated in the business district, including Zhongguancun, Financial Street, CBD, Wangjing and Yizhuang, although the CLP Watertown the company released the information: Ring, ring the main road along the Chang'an Avenue and has covered near, but from the point of view should be very narrow width.
① ring side reporter was covering the measured signals wireless city Beijing result < br> ② iPhone smartphones like duck to water in the wireless city in Beijing's wireless city
③ be established, relying on the wireless router provider to offer a variety of devices such as
time by nearly a month of experience, The reporters found that Beijing is using the wireless network is also not very stable. In international trade, the West Third Ring Road, Chang'an Street and other places, the signal strength are not ideal, the page is almost impossible to navigate. The work of the office of the press, it is not detect the wireless city network. In this regard, CLP China through customer service explained that the wireless signal coverage outdoors and is the main road. In order to solve the problem of site selection, the CLP will generally Watertown Wi-Fi street light pole placed in the base station by the signal coverage range and building block of the restrictions, the wireless signal is difficult to reach the room. in the future building of Phase II and III, this situation will be resolved.
fact, In all buildings in the city, people demand high-quality wireless coverage even more urgent. It is hoped that the wireless network can connect from anywhere and use. However, the base station is located outdoors and can not provide a good indoor or buildings coverage. offices are usually equipped with a steel window, thermal windows and other building materials may weaken the wireless signal; and may be due to family homes are built on the hillside or obscured by trees, which shield the wireless signal. In addition, like video streaming and gaming Download services like high-speed wireless transmission needs to be better, even if the coverage quality of voice services, buildings can also be within the data quality of service may also appear the situation unacceptable.
Beijing's urban terrain complex and competitive enclosure For the CLP through such operators in China, the high cost of laying fiber.
Wi-Fi uses the 2.5GHz ISM free band, this band is currently in the world without any telecom operator license free band. But Wi -Fi technology can not cope with the equipment of different operators interfere with each other, this will inevitably lead to significant decline in Wi-Fi performance, technical limitations meant the Wi-Fi signal quality is poor. As WiMAX chips and not the scale of business notebooks, so the technology only as a backbone transmission.
Youyu Wi-Fi technology more limited coverage, and wider coverage for mobile WiMAX technology is not yet mature, so the Mesh technology began to receive much attention. relative to the Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi Mesh Technology In networking, the transmission distance and mobility has greatly improved on, it can in a certain urban areas or large parks throughout the range, Wi-Fi easy to achieve expansion and extension. Mesh deployment of low cost, and can be smooth transition to future WiMAX networks. WiMAX to solve a long-distance wireless transmission, Mesh is an effective complement to WiMAX, to resolve the last mile coverage. from the current application situation, most wireless city projects abroad have adopted Wi -Fi Mesh or WiMAX + Mesh technology and networking.
WiMAX and Wi-Fi Mesh combination is becoming a trend. WiMAX and Wi-Fi combined to form the city's wireless broadband coverage by the warm zone ( Warm Zone) and hot (Hot Spot) service throughout the city and to support mobile work and lifestyle. At present, Intel and other equipment manufacturers in the energetic efforts, WiMAX + Wi-Fi Mesh solution has been in the United States, Britain and some other 13 cities in the country or city has been applied. In addition, some cities in the United States, Chinese Taipei and other areas of Israel also said it would within a year of existing Wi-Fi Mesh network technology to carry out WiMAX + Mesh to build seamless coverage Broadband MAN.
wireless city development in China to show strong momentum, in addition to Taipei, Hong Kong large-scale deployment, China's Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan and Shenzhen, have been or are ready to begin building a wireless city . At present the Mainland of China wireless city construction system using wireless technology as the principal WiMAX + Wi-Fi, WiMAX is the wireless backbone network, which used to flow in all regions together, and wired network connectivity; Wi-Fi is in the radio access layer, complete end-to-network access, and wireless data within a small range jumper.
Youyu Wi-Fi technology was originally not based on the requirements of telecom system design, the direct application to the wireless city, there are some key technical issues, If these problems are not resolved will directly affect the success or failure of operator to a wireless city. the face of technical challenges, equipment providers and operators need to cooperate more closely, from the perspective of large-scale network operations, to solve the existing technical problems, exposing more without taking into account the potential problems, based on WiMAX and Wi-Fi technology to build carrier-class network standardization and regularization operators to promote the effective deployment of wireless city, to drive the wireless market matures and the prosperity of the city.
Security < br> congenital short board to rely on management to complement
Wireless Beijing is completed, will allow the public and government departments, enterprises, facilitate the integration through the network. The public wireless network anytime, anywhere through the exchange of information, process transactions, thus speeding up the flow of information . but we still need to see clearly, wireless cities also face great difficulties and challenges, constraints to its development there are many factors, including the special needs of all the safety issue is to be noted.
because of the special data , which is why the wireless network, in theory, more vulnerable than wired network intrusion. as long as the effective signal range, an intruder can enter the internal network to access resources attacks. In other words, if the user within the network transmission unit high-strength encryption data is not the case, likely to be peering into that government departments, public security institutions is a very big challenge.
believe we individuals are also security problems of wireless cities are very worried, after all, We are connected to a very large network, anyone can be attacked, but the odds in the using a wireless network, Internet information will be gathered into a limited access point, the export will have a wireless network switch, firewall, security and other supporting facilities. Therefore, the wireless network does not increase security risks. network is always a risk, but no more than wired networks.
Currently, wireless networks, including the common means of attack:
1. Dosattacks attack. The method is mainly through the flood algorithm to block network, and result in legitimate users can not use the network services of the network . Compared with wired networks, Wi-Fi networks for Dosattacks the network application layer and transport layer attacks nothing special, but because of the special attributes of wireless communication medium makes the Wi-Fi network in the data link layer and physical layer being The Dosattacks more serious harm.
2. the wireless network coverage overlap to create a wireless network without authorization. It requires activation of a nearby wireless network AP. The AP can send a stronger beacon signal and forged MAC addresses to attract business users with the establishment of a legitimate connection The AP called the authorized to use the honeypot AP client communication as an intermediary.
AP wireless network by sending beacon (or probe responses) to indicate their existence. The beacon contains the AP's MAC address (which is its identity) and the SSID (the network it supports the identity of logo). listen to the vicinity of different wireless AP client sent beacon. that the client usually has the desired SSID and the AP beacon signal to establish a strong connection. At present most of the wireless market AP's MAC address and SSID are allowed to be user-modified. such good access to AP and software tools, which allow the AP's MAC address and SSID changed to any value. Therefore, an attacker could change all their AP about access to the wireless city SSID, trick users into, to steal sensitive information purposes.
security has always been serious factors restricting the development of wireless technology. While there, including Intel and the part of vendors, including AboveCable a relatively comprehensive network security solutions, but to solve the problem of wireless security, which is not enough. relative to the wired network, wireless network security needs to be strengthened, and only ultimately provide comparable with conventional wired network security, effectively prevent data transfer process because of the leak was listening on radio, the network is difficult to be penetrated, the wireless network can actually be more widely used, wireless city in order to better develop.
operation and maintenance
dynamic adjustment of the heavy workload Beijing wireless city should be unified
work and has now completed construction of more than 1000 base stations. According to CLP, Qiu Ping, president of China through the introduction, the second phase construction will be completed by the end of 2009, covering 625 square kilometers of the city Wuhuanyinei , will build 9,000 Wi-Fi access points and WiMAX base stations 150, covering 90% of the main streets of Beijing .2010 by the end of Phase III will implement wireless broadband network coverage in rural and urban in Beijing. Faced with such a vast number of wireless equipment, the Beijing wireless city will ensure the stable operation and how to effectively maintain it?
high maintenance costs of urban development has been hindered an important factor in wireless. to Philadelphia, for example, after the completion of its wireless network, operators simply can not afford the maintenance and operating costs. In China, Taipei's wireless city, the monthly subsidies to local governments also need more than 10 million NT maintenance costs. CLP China Jiading Wireless City through the construction of the total investment estimated to be about 2 billion, a total layout 200 ~ 300 sets of Wi-Fi wireless devices and the annual maintenance costs of 5,000 million yuan. this estimate, the current Beijing wireless city maintenance costs, will be close to ten million yuan or more per month. And in the second and third phase completed, the cost will be even greater. profit model in the wireless city is not defined circumstances, to reduce network maintenance costs will undoubtedly increase the wireless city the opportunity to continue to develop.
wireless city from the network side, the main There are two main, the first is the operator, the second is the equipment manufacturers. from their point of view of both needs and goals, there is a difference. First, the business operators concerned and wireless resources, to use the wireless at least resources, comprehensive services to meet the scheduled demand; Second, the radio resources in certain conditions, the maximum operational capacity. The equipment manufacturers are concerned that the use of the smallest size of available wireless radio resource reservation, while the equipment program in a certain condition Next, to maximize the utilization of radio resources.
closer look at the wireless network operation and maintenance of the engineering characteristics will be found to contain both the causes and driving forces. The first is the maintenance of the wireless network. wireless network with the wired network there is a relatively large difference, the wireless network affected by the environment is very large, it is a dynamic thing.'s defenders as the system operator must always pay attention to the dynamic changes in the wireless network, to make these adjustments, the performance of the network and service level in a range. And then there are developmental, according to the continuous expansion of business development, which requires a lot of wireless network operation and maintenance work.
wireless city for Beijing, how do these two need a complete the unity of it? Watertown area, said the CLP, in practical work will be needed for various real-time adjustment of the network. These changes include the daily evaluation, testing, and through a variety of network management platform to optimize the system to adjust the system. Broadly speaking, the planning is the progressive realization of a systematic optimization of the network.
wireless city will take a lot of applications. In order to meet different needs, evaluation of the wireless signal is not the same, for the signal indicators of high quality requirements of the wireless business is usually very harsh, especially indoors also need a lot of attention because of the trend from now on, the business use of the gradual transition from wired to wireless up, then the indoor use of wireless networks is also relatively large.
how we can maintain a good coverage to hundreds of kilometers of wireless network? According to report, some manufacturers and research institutions are working to introduce intelligent network operation and maintenance system. This includes network optimization software, planning software, network testing tools (including testers). network operation and maintenance is the core of network management, equipment management, including performance management system as well. Zhang Xiaoxu said, if you want a good network operation and maintenance, management is good, then the need to various separate networks to integrate systems and equipment, thus achieving a unified management.
business
industrial applications as both a single species, probably in most people's eyes
, wireless city that is for individual users convenient way to access a way that a single business model, it is difficult to design profit model. In other countries, many wireless city eventually ends meet, being held as characteristics of the industry application developed in the first Jibei.
Tong Communication Co., Ltd. CLP China, said Vice President JINHUA: the first phase of wireless network coverage is mainly on the fixed Internet access service, currently do not support the mobile Internet. That is between two adjacent wireless AP is not roaming the need for a re-certification process. the application of some government or industry, we will be equipped with special vehicle wireless equipment. in the future if the general business needs in this respect, we will consider adding such a feature. Beijing's business district and the ring deployment and commissioning, CLP China through the ongoing acceptance testing, to finally achieve the goal of a wireless city should also need a process. in the government and industry applications, the CLP is also doing pilot Watertown estimated in the formal business sector will be the first to play a role in the public transportation, including buses and auto wireless monitoring.
According to the relevant parties, Beijing wireless city projects include Beijing e-government, city management and other important business wireless broadband network platform, and to provide wireless broadband services and content of public services. users within the coverage area, through wireless Internet, read news, check e-mail, tele-medicine, the travel booking, accept online education, etc.; Erju , wireless e-city bus also stops, bus scheduling of monitoring systems, security monitoring systems, shelters electronic monitoring, multimedia broadcast and many other cities in the information management business to become a reality.
Network second phase to be completed, will be Construction of Beijing 9000 in Wi-Fi (wireless LAN) access points, and 150 WiMAX base stations, covering 90% of the main streets of Beijing. At present, Xuanwu District, Beijing has built 15 base stations built by the WiMAX network sanitation sector for the government to provide wireless broadband services.
the same time, low-income people will be included in the wireless city Beijing offers object. Huatong CLP cooperation with the Government through the wireless city infrastructure construction, provide all kinds of relevant information for low-income masses to provide affordable wireless Internet access business, universal home Internet access, to enhance public service quality and expand educational channels.
charging mode operation
free flash in the pan remains to be verified
now appears that only discuss the construction of wireless the significance of broadband, not to discuss their business model is unrealistic, because even if the Wi-Fi or WiMAX technology is already mature and commercial operators in the end but how to get access to a benefit, there is still a problem.
for the better, more secure for users to provide wireless Internet service, CLP China through Since at 13:00 on July 21, 2008, the registration will be online and offline are two ways to access the user up to provide free registration services. The original public-free card ways Internet users will be at 0:00 on July 24, 2008 termination. since at 0:00 on July 24, 2008, all users must use their personal account to enjoy free access. free period to September 30, 2008.
For consumers, the tariff is always an important factor to be considered. wireless city a good network for free during the Olympic Games will not last long, as the Internet began as free e-mail released by the time used to begin a fee . However, this cost when the opening cross, how to pay, the question is worth pondering. However, we know that the city is hiring a wireless operator backbone network construction under the circumstances, the construction investment is much lower compared to 3G . Huatong CLP chief scientist and executive director, said Xie Linzhen, 3G wireless city's investment is only one-tenth or less. According to reports, after the Olympic Games, Beijing wireless city charging methods may be divided into packets days, monthly, the package and other forms, rates will be lower than the existing network, but the exact circumstances unknown.
Cabernet Dr. Deng Zhicheng telecommunications consulting firm that comes to wireless broadband business model problems, in fact contains two issues, namely how to achieve billing, and second, in the end what users actually use such a business.
Deng Zhicheng, at present there are two kinds of business models. For public places, such as airports, in fact, mobile operators are more inclined to use their own wireless network the development of some high-speed data business applications rather than the application of voice services, so the Internet at the airport, only phone number the user can set the bundle, the price is about two cents per minute, the price is acceptable to users.
China Mobile at the airport, wireless broadband Internet access services provided by fixed network operators than before pushing the a large scale promotion of this business, the reason is that this part of the Internet user base at the airport are limited. income, quality of service has not been market tested, do not know this up for 2 billion yuan of state-owned operators, whether Kangde Zhu. because, after all, the pioneers of the global wireless most of the city became a martyr, not a few success stories: Australia New South Wales has canceled a free Wi-Fi service in Philadelphia and other places for free Wi-Fi projects have failed, many British people even think that Wi-Fi equipment to remove harmful to health in the world's most complete network of Chinese Taipei, Wi-Fi operators is precarious.
However, wireless cities in the failure of some parts of Europe, not simply a technical failure, but mainly the failure of the operation, which is fully wireless city in the market mode, the inevitable outcome. But in Beijing, the recent Wi-Fi will become an ideal choice for mobile network access. So wireless city near Beijing will have no small room to grow, just like the original, like PHS. So, people who looking forward to wireless city plans to gradually improve, do not mess only the Olympic Games launched the face-saving projects.
The reporter has learned that Beijing during the Olympic Games will be wireless city open to the public free use of the Olympic Games will be on user fees. tentative There are 4 choice of charges, namely: 20 per 1 day unlimited cards, 60 per 5 days unlimited cards, 80 cards and monthly unlimited charge 0.12 yuan per minute. In addition, advertisers paid, in receiving the signal at the same time the user opens the page in order to balance the investment cost of advertising will become a new attempt to model.
link to the current three major wireless city construction mode
Mode One: operator-led model funded by the operators and the construction, government investment in small, just a free placement of wireless antennas and other public facilities, street lights.
Mode II: operator investment, government hiring mode, network operators, as contractors, After the completion of municipal networks promise to be leasing the network to provide free services to the public, relying on advertising revenue profit wireless network.
Mode Three: Government-led government raise the funds needed network construction, network operators are given a non-profit organizations.